Ready-Updates 4U

The James Webb Telescope has 18 hexagon-shaped mirrors which fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. This telescope works by detecting infrared radiation from distant objects. Created by NASA, ESA (Europe) and CSA (Canada), it was named after James Webb of NASA who supervised the Apollo program which took humans to the Moon.   It showed us pictures from a distance of 13.7 billion light years away. So, the conclusion was that the universe is 13.7 billion years old. Or that the universe was so young back then, it couldn't produce any stars. But, now it is said that Webb could spot a galaxy nearly 30 billion light years away! Speed of Light The speed of light is unimaginably fast. Almost 300,000km/s!  The distance travelled by light in one year is called a light year, which is 9.6 trillion kilometers.  It is one of the largest units used for measuring astronomical distances. Similarly, a light second is the distance covered by light in one second, and a light minute is the distance covered

Light is a form of energy which gives the sensation of vision. Visible light is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum, with wavelengths ranging from 380 nanometers to 700 nanometers. Mirror Image 1.Reflection: Have you ever thought about why we can see our image in a mirror? It is because the light rays falling on the surface of the mirror get bounced back (reflected back) In 1621, Dutch scientist Willebrord Snell proposed two laws to explain reflection: The incident ray, reflected ray and the normal, all lie on the same plane. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. Characteristics of the image formed by a plane mirror. The image is virtual and erect. The image is laterally inverted. Distance between the image and the mirror is equal to the distance between the object and the mirror. The size of the image is equal to the size of the object. Spherical Mirrors  Mirrors with reflecting surfaces curved in or bulged out are called spherical mirrors. Concave mirrors are

The World's first Automated Teller Machine (ATM) was installed on June 27, 1967 by the Barclays Bank in England . It was inaugurated by the English actor Reg Varney. The ATM at Barclays was developed by John Adrian-Barron. But it was not like today's cash machine. ATM Machine -Representative Image In 1969, the ATM that was installed in USA was called the Docuteller. Because it was manufactured by the Docutel company. At that time, it had a sizeable steel body. In this context, we have to remember Luther George Simjian who invented a less successful prototype ATM in 1939. It was installed in New York by the City Bank of New York, till it's removal after six months. In 1987, HSBC (The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited) installed India's first ATM in Mumbai. The Union Bank of India installed India's first talking ATM at the Blind People's Association, Ahmedabad, on June 6, 2012. A gold ATM, which delivers gold coins, was also launched at Hyderabad

The luxurious ship, Titanic, had met with her tragic end in 1912, on her maiden voyage, from Southampton (UK) to New York (USA). More than 1500 people died in this giant ship disaster. Where is the Titanic now? It is in the " midnight zone " of the North Atlantic Ocean, about 740km away from the coast of Newfoundland, Canada. The wreckage of the ship is 3.8 km below the surface. It was first located by the oceanographer Dr. Robert Ballard in 1985 and in 2012,(on the 100th year of the tragedy) UNESCO declared it as World Heritage Site. Why can't it be taken out? The deep ocean is too dark since sunlight is fast absorbed by seawater. Beyond 1000 meters, it is pitch dark and the area is rightly nicknamed as the midnight zone. It is a herculean task even to reach there. Then, how can the jumbo-sized ship parts to be pulled out? Imagine that an expert team reached the seabed with enough lights and equipment- even then, it is not possible. Because underwater currents are too t

The ocean water is dynamic in nature. It is influenced by physical properties such as temperature, salinity, density etc. and also affected by external factors or forces from Sun, Moon and winds. The major movements of ocean waters are Ocean Currents, Deep Water Currents & Tides. Ocean Currents: Flow of oceanic water in one direction. Ocean currents are mainly surface currents or deep-water currents. Surface Currents: It is primarily wind driven and move horizontally. Solar radiation, gravity and Earth's rotations also influence them.  Based on temperature, ocean currents can be classified into two. Warm currents and  Cold currents Warm Currents: They carry warm waters from the tropics to the cold polar regions. They are usually seen at the western boundary of oceans. These are fast moving, narrow and deep currents, thus known as 'Western Boundary Currents'. E.g. Gulf Stream in the Atlantic Ocean, Agulhas Current in the Indian Ocean and Kuroshio Current in the Pacific O

Which company developed Mac operating system? Ans: Apple Microsoft acquired Hotmail in 1997 and later renamed as: Ans: outlook.com 'TMP' extension usually refers to what kind of file? Ans: Temporary file t.co is the URL shortening service by whom? Ans: Twitter The graphical representation of an algorithm is called? Ans: Flow Chart In cyber crimes, the portrayal of sexuality explicit material for the purpose of sexual excitement is known as: Ans: Pornography What is the name of the companion robot for children developed by Emotix, a Mumbai based robotics start up? Ans: Miko-2 The circuit used to store one bit of information is called. Ans: Flip Flop What is the full form of QR code? Ans: Quick Response code Blog, the short form of web log was coined by whom in 1999? Ans: Peter Merholz Name the location where deleted files or folders are temporarily stored in every version of Microsoft Windows since Windows 95 is  Ans: Recycle Bin The National Association of Software and Services

Long March from Jiandxi to Shanxi. The 10,000 km long journey in China, that started under the leadership of  Mao Zedong  from Jiangxi to Shaanxi in 1934 is known as the Great Long March. It was not actually a single march, but a series of March undertaken by the Red Army. Nearly 1,60,000 Red Army volunteers and Chinese Communist Party leaders participated in it. Mao Zedong  was born at Shaoshan in China. He developed theories and principles based on Marxist and Leninist ideologies, and  Maoism  is the common name given to them. After the Long March under his leadership, China became People's Republic in 1949. The Great Leap Forword was an attempt by Mao to transform the agrarian Chinese economy to an industrial power. He introduced eight points to establish discipline in his nation. Speak politely. Pay fairly for what you buy. Return everything you borrow. Pay for anything you damage. Do not hit or swear at people. Do not damage crops. Do not take liberties with women. Do not ill

How to define Food poisoning? Ans: Illness caused by food contaminated with microorganisms and ingestion of toxins they produced. What are the common sign of food poisoning? Ans: Nausea, vomiting,abdominal pain and diarrhoea after food. What should be significantly noted after food poisoning? Ans: Dehydration What is the most common immediate response of food poisoning? Ans: Vomiting Most common causes of food poisoning are? Ans: Bacteria and viruses  Food adulteration act was enacted in? Ans: 1954 What is the first thing to be done for a patient who shows the signs of food poisoning? Ans: Avoid further intake of the same and keep a sample for examination. How long most cases of food poisoning typically last? Ans: 6-72 hours What is the best way to kill bacteria on food? Ans: Cook all food to a temperature of 75 degree Celsius. The symptom which leads to life threatening complication as dehydration due to food poisoning? Ans: Diarrhoea Rice water diarrhoea is associated with? Ans: Chol

The first person to have served as both, an acting president and president of India? Ans: V.V.Giri The UPSC submits its annual reports to whom? Ans: The President Which article is related to 'Freedom of Press'? Ans: Article 19(1)(a) Regulation enjoining withdrawal of persons from the streets or the closing of establishments or places of assembly at a stated hour? Ans: Curfew An official appointed by a political party to regulate and monitor the behaviour of its members? Ans: Whip Which article is referred to as ' The Jewel of the Constitution's? Ans: Article 32 Article 32 stands suspended during an emergency under? Ans: Article 352 Right to privacy is contained in which Article? Ans: Article 21 Which article of the Indian Constitution states that the President shall not be answerable to any court for the exercise and performance of the powers and duties of his office? Ans: Article 361 Which article of the constitution of India empower the President to take over the admi

The human body produces a small amount of electricity as blood flows through our body. That is how we are able to take EEG, ECG,etc. Does our body have resistance?  Answer is Yes, when our body or skin is dry, our resistance will be large. But, if it is wet, resistance decreases, and conductivity increases. So, it is not safe to touch electrical appliances when wet. Due to low resistance, there is a greater danger of us getting an electric shock. Resistors in Various Forms Resistor was invented by  Otis Boykin Thermistors : Resistors which are sensitive to heat. Resistors in Bulb Electric bulb was invented by Thomas Alva Edison. These electric bulbs or incandescent lamps use resistors. They mainly work based on the heating effect of electric current. The resistor mainly used in bulbs is tungsten. Since tungsten filament has high resistance, while converting electrical energy into light energy, it also produces heat energy. Advanced LED lights can be used to replace incandescent lamps a